Scandinavian Romanesque Ornament - In Norway, the Scandinavian Ornament stands in the most intimate
relationship with the Celtic, a circumstance which is due to the fact that
Christianity was first introduced into Norway by the Irish. In South Norway,
where English influence had to give way before the German, stone architecture
is predominant, one of the most beautiful examples of this style being be
cathedral at Lund, a basilica founded in 1072, but not completed till 1145.
Archbishop Eskill who consecrated it and presided over its completion came from
Hildesheim and it is to his influence that the pronounced German character of
the design may be attributed. The same is found in the large conventual church
at Dalby, south of Lund, which was consecrated in 1163, the crypt however being
of earlier date. Besides being found in South Norway, stone architecture of a
most decidedly early Germanic style is also predominant in Sweden and Denmark.
In the north of Norway, however, and during the same period, a
typical style of wooden a architecture was developed. This style in all
probability had its origin in England, although at the present time, there is
but one example of a wooden church throughout the whole country, namely, the
wooden church at Greenstead, near London. The greatest and most powerful
influence, however, to which the Romanesque – Scandinavian wooden style of
architecture was subjected during its development was the influence exercised
by Irish-Celtic Art. It must not be forgotten, at the same time, that the
peculiar Norwegian parish churches appear to have had an independent
development of their own, the richly decorated, ornamental doorway of these
churches being very characteristic. Three period are note in the construction
of these churches.
- The archaic form, or the priod of Irish influence up to the year 1150 A. D.
- The period distinguished by the Romanesque form, a style, which, in all probability was taken from the Anglo Saxons and Anglo Normans up to the year 1250 A. D.
- The period of Gothic influence up to the decline of art. The Gothic coul never entirely supersede the influence of the Romanesque, a style which had already taken such deep root in the country.
There are three styles of doorways :
a.
The
Sognin Type. This takes its name from a country
ditrict, and, is distinguished from the other styles of doorways by the
delicacy and elegance of the tracery work, no different or distinct periods of
development being apparent.
b.
The
Thelmark Type. This type of doorway may beseen in the church of christianasand.
The traceries are broad, very often rough and coarse, and in strong contrast to
the foregoing style. The development and decadence of the Thelmark type of
doorway can be much better observed an followed the Sognin type.
c.
The
Figurative Portals. This style of doorway which belongs either to bible history
or to mythology, is found only in South Norway. The artistic treatment of the
figures is inferior that of the Ornament.
MORE ARTICLE :
Tartaric influence – which dates chiefly from 1237 to 1480, when
the Tartars were in power – may be
regarded beyond any doubt as the chief cause
why the pure Byzantine style originally established in
Russia came to be
changed later on into the Ornament special to that country. READ
Byzantine is the title given to that conglomerate style of art
which was developed in the Eastern Roman
Empire from all the different styles
which were in existence at that early period. The first impulse to the
development of a Byzantine style was given in the year 30 A. D., when Byzantine
or Constantinople
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